ABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: This study aimed to verify the reproducibility of an endurance test for master swimmers. Methods: Seventeen male swimmers, aged from 30 to 50 years (35.06 ± 5.36), weight (78.71 ± 13.06 kg), height (174.35 ± 0.07 cm), participated in this study. The participants underwent the Progressive Swim Test (PSwT), which corresponds to swimming progressively to exhaustion in a 25-meter pool, guided by the recording of sound signals indicating the swimming rhythm. We verified the following variables: heart rate before the test (BHR) and right after the end of the test (AHR), followed by the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and a total of laps performed (SN - swimming number). For comparison between the three days of tests, the one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's Post-Hoc was performed. Relative reproducibility was performed by the r test and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Absolute reproducibility was determined using the coefficient of variation (CV) and the confidence interval (CI). Results: The results showed high reproducibility in (PSwT) in master swimmers in the analyzed variables of intergroup and intragroup with relative reproducibility of r > 0.60 and ICC > 0.70 and absolute reproducibility with CI 95% (lower −1.10 and upper 0.99) and CV < 10%. Most of the cases were within the limits of agreement of the Bland-Altman tests, all variables were considered a level of significance with (p <0.05). Conclusion: The Progressive Swim Test (PSwT) is a reproducible instrument in the assessment of endurance in master swimmers.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Swimming/physiology , Endurance Training , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Heart RateABSTRACT
El dolor abdominal es una causa frecuente de consulta ambulatoria, sus causas son múltiples e incluyen patologías de riesgo vital u otras de bajo riesgo que requieren principalmente tratamiento y no requieren mayores estudios. La historia clínica y el examen físico son las herramientas principales para poder sospechar la etiología de la enfermedad que está causando el dolor abdominal. Es por esto que realizar una historia completa, haciendo preguntas dirigidas a confirmar o descartar sospechas diagnósticas, asociado a un examen físico completo y sistemático, es la principal forma de orientar el diagnóstico y estudio posterior del paciente. Conocer el cuadro clínico de las enfermedades que dentro de sus síntomas pueden presentar dolor abdominal, especialmente aquellas que son de riesgo vital permite poder diagnosticarlas con la rapidez que se requiere. Así mismo, es necesario reconocer aquellas enfermedades que son más frecuentes y que no requieren mayores estudios sino tratamiento básico, habitualmente ambulatorio. Existen personas que, por sus condiciones de salud o edad, pueden tener presentaciones atípicas de cuadros habituales o mayores riesgos de tener enfermedades infrecuentes o de mayor riesgo vital, que es importante reconocer al momento de la evaluación.
Abdominal pain is a common complaint in ambulatory medicine. It has multiples causes,including lifethreatening pathologies and other benign in which the need in treatment and no other tests. The clinical history and physical examination are the key to suspect the etiology of the underlying disease. A complete history includes make direct questions to confirm or discard the diagnostic suspects and with a complete and systematic physical examination are the main way to get the diagnosis and treatment of the patient. The clinician must know the syndromes which includes abdominal pain, especially those life-threatening which requires urgent treatment or surgery. Also needs to know the frequent benign syndromes that can be safely treated symptomatically with no further investigation. Older adults or patients with comorbidities may present with unusual causes of abdominal pain or may have an atypical presentation of common disorders. Also, may present more frequent serious etiologies that may require urgent interventions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Physical ExaminationABSTRACT
El objetivo de esta revisión fue examinar la efectividad del cuestionario Global de actividad física y el Cuestionario Internacional de actividad física forma corta, en relación con las evaluaciones prácticas que valoran la condición física saludable como instrumento de valoración del sedentarismo. Se realizó una búsqueda digital en bases de datos científicas de alto factor de impacto según referencia electrónica de Scimagojr, Scopus, Pubmed y Ebsco. La efectividad del cuestionario internacional y global de actividad física, en la valoración del sedentarismo y prescripción del ejercicio físico parecen condicionados en comparación con las evaluaciones prácticas, que valoran factores similares, sin embargo, proveen indicadores básicos que debe tomarse en cuenta al inicio de prescribir actividad física, se evidencia la necesidad de aplicar parámetros de nivel sedentario y aptitud física en población adulta establecidos por evaluaciones prácticas(AU)
The objective of this review was to examine the effectiveness of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and the International Short Form Physical Activity Questionnaire, in relation to practical evaluations that assess healthy physical condition as an instrument for assessing sedentary lifestyle A digital search was conducted in scientific databases of high impact factor according to electronic reference of Scimagojr, Scopus, Pubmed, and Ebsco. The effectiveness of the international and global physical activity questionnaire, in assessing sedentary lifestyle and prescribing physical exercise seem conditioned, compared to practical evaluations, which assess similar factors, however they provide basic indicators that should be taken into account at the beginning of prescribing physical activity, the need to apply sedentary level and physical fitness parameters in the adult population established by practical evaluations is evident(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , World Health Organization , Motor Activity/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standardsABSTRACT
Árbitros de futebol parecem sofrer o impacto do estresse em sua atuação, especialmente em situações definidoras de seu sucesso profissional, como a Avaliação Física FIFA, que determina a aptidão física para atuação em campeonatos estaduais e nacionais. Estratégias de coping determinam a percepção de situações estressoras, e consequentemente, a forma de enfrentamento das mesmas. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o impacto do teste físico FIFA nos níveis de estresse e coping de árbitros de futebol atuantes em campeonatos estaduais e nacionais (Federação Mineira de Futebol FMF e Confederação Brasileira de Futebol CBF, respectivamente). Responderam a Escala de Estresse Percebido, que avalia estresse negativo (distress) e coping, 42 árbitros da FMF e 17 da CBF, antes e após o teste físico FIFA. Na avaliação pré-teste, verificou-se que os árbitros da CBF apresentaram histórico de mais testes físicos, treinos por semana, anos de experiência, além de escores mais altos em coping (p<0,05). Quando controladas as diferenças iniciais, árbitros CBF e FMF não diferiram significativamente em coping e distress no pós-teste físico. Diante da confirmação parcial das hipóteses, sugere-se a condução de novas pesquisas na área que incluam a avaliação do tipo de estratégia de coping utilizado e características de personalidade dos árbitros....(AU)
Soccer referees seem to feel the impact of stress in their performance, especially in situations that define their success at soccer, such as the FIFA Fitness Test, which determines the physical aptitude of the professional to perform in state and national tournaments. Coping strategies determine the perception of stressful situations and the consequent way of facing them. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the FIFA Fitness Test on the stress and coping levels of soccer referees, which perform at the state and at the national level (FMF Soccer Federation of Minas Gerais; and CBF Brazilian Soccer Federation, respectively). 42 referees of FMF and 17 of CBF answered to The Perceived Stress Scale, which assess distress and coping, before and after the FIFA Test. At the pre-test, the CBF referees showed a major number of physical tests, weekly trainings and years of experience, and higher coping (p < 0,05). Controlling for initial differences, CBF and FMF referees were not significantly different on coping and distress after the test. Given the partial confirmation of the hypothesis, it is suggested to conduct further research in the area that includes the evaluation of the type of coping strategy used and personality characteristics....(AU)
Árbitros de fútbol parecen sufrir el impacto del estrés en su rendimiento, especialmente en la definición de las situaciones de su éxito profesional, como la prueba de Evaluación Física FIFA, que determina la aptitud física para trabajar en los campeonatos estatales y nacionales. Las estrategias de coping determinan la percepción de las situaciones de estrés, y por lo tanto, la forma de enfrentarlos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto del teste físico FIFA en los niveles de estrés y coping en árbitros de fútbol activos en campeonatos estatales y nacionales (Federación Minera de Fútbol FMF, y la Confederación Brasileña de Fútbol CBF, respectivamente). 42 árbitros FMF y 17 CBF respondieron a la Escala de Estrés Percibido, que evalúa el estrés negativo (distress) y coping, antes y después de la prueba FIFA. En la evaluación previa a la prueba, se encontró que los árbitros CBF tenían una historia de más pruebas físicas, entrenamientos por semana, años de experiencia, y las puntuaciones más altas de coping (p < 0,05). Cuando se controlan las diferencias iniciales, CBF y FMF árbitros no difirieron significativamente en el coping y distress después de la prueba física. Dada la confirmación parcial de las hipótesis iniciales, se sugiere llevar a cabo nuevas investigaciones incluyendo la evaluación del tipo de estrategia de coping utilizado y de la personalidad de los árbitros....(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Athletic Performance , Soccer , Stress, Mechanical , Stress, Psychological , Occupations , PsychologyABSTRACT
RESUMO A avaliação do desempenho físico de atletas é um dos complexos processos que envolvem o treinamento esportivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito de três diferentes pausas (15, 30 e 60 segundos) entre as tentativas do teste de salto com contramovimento (SCM) de atletas nacionais do Centro de Treinamento esportivo da UFMG. A amostra foi composta por 12 atletas que participaram de cinco sessões: 2 familiarizações e 3 de protocolo experimental. O protocolo experimental consistiu de três sessões de teste de 15 SCM aleatorizado entre as diferentes pausas entre tentativas (15, 30 e 60 segundos). Não houve diferença significativa para a altura do salto entre os três protocolos de pausa adotados e entre as 15 tentativas de salto no mesmo protocolo. Estes resultados sugerem que, durações de pausas menores, como a de 15 segundos, são suficientes para a manutenção do desempenho em testes de SCM com uma série única de até 15 tentativas.
ABSTRACT The evaluation of athlete's physical performance is one of the complex processes that involve sports training. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of varied rest interval lengths on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance test. The subjects were 12 national athletes from UFMG Sport Training Center, who performed five sessions, two familiarization sessions and three CMJ experimental sessions. The experimental sessions consisted of three sessions with 15 CMJ attempts, each session with a different rest interval duration. The three rest intervals between CMJ attempts were 15, 30, and 60 seconds and were counterbalanced for each subject. No significant difference was founded in the jump height between the 3 pause protocols adopted and between the 15 attempts in the same protocol. Therefore, this study demonstrated a 15 seconds rest interval was sufficient for recovery during the performance of 15 CMJ attempts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Physical Education and Training , Reference Values , Athletic Performance , AltitudeABSTRACT
The formation of physique was influenced by many factors and was closely related to the disease, especially by the social and cultural factors. According to the characteristics of physique, physique conditioning was conducive to rehabilitation of the disease. It was also the internal evidence for individualized treatment of rehabilitation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) rehabilitation advocated functional rehabilitation as the main treatment purpose. Attentions were paid to promoteqi circulation. The psychological characteristics of the rehabilitation subject were especially emphasized on, in order to improve the therapeutic effect of rehabilitation. There were many classifications of physical evaluations, which were widely used in a variety of clinical diseases rehabilitation. The pathological physique correction and adjustment cannot be ignored in rehabilitation. Therefore, the application of physical evaluation in the guidance of rehabilitation therapy can enrich the content of TCM rehabilitation evaluation. It further improved TCM physical evaluation system to meet the needs for clinical practice and TCM modernization.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Shoulder pain limits patients' ability to perform daily life activities, as well as to carry out professional activities. This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between pain intensity, incapacity and medical image findings of patients with shoulder pain. METHODS: This was an observational analytical study with 54 patients with possible shoulder injury. Participants have answered an incapacity questionnaire, a pain intensity scale and then were submitted to image exams. Incapacity, pain intensity and image diagnosis were correlated, in addition to comparing pain intensity and level of incapacity among participants with and without medical image abnormalities. RESULTS: Mean pain intensity was 7.4±2.52. There has been a high degree of incapacity (mean of 57.2%). Image findings have shown abnormalities in 59.3% of reports. There has been no correlation between image findings and pain intensity, as well as there has also been no correlation between image findings and incapacity. There has been high correlation between pain intensity and incapacity (Rho=0.67; p<0.001). Pain intensity and incapacity were not different between participants with and without some type of abnormality at image exams. CONCLUSION: Patients with shoulder complaints may have limitations to perform daily activities and pain, even with negative image findings...
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O quadro doloroso do ombro limita o paciente de realizar suas tarefas diárias, assim como de realizar atividades dentro da sua jornada de trabalho. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a intensidade da dor, a incapacidade e os achados no exame de imagem de pacientes com dor no ombro. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo observacional analítico em 54 pacientes com possível lesão de ombro. Os participantes responderam um questionário de incapacidade, uma escala de intensidade de dor e em seguida foram submetidos ao exame de imagem. Foi realizada a análise de correlação entre a incapacidade, a intensidade de dor e o diagnóstico por imagem, além da comparação da intensidade da dor e do nível de incapacidade entre os participantes com e sem anormalidade no exame de imagem. RESULTADOS: A intensidade de dor média encontrada foi de 7,4±2,52. Houve alto grau de incapacidade (média de 57,2%). Nos exames de imagem analisados foram encontradas anormalidades em 59,3% dos laudos. Não houve correlação entre os achados na imagem e a intensidade de dor, assim como não houve correlação entre os achados na imagem e a incapacidade. Observou-se alta correlação entre intensidade de dor e o nível de incapacidade (Rho=0,67; p<0,001). A intensidade de dor e incapacidade não foram diferentes entre os participantes com ou sem algum tipo de anormalidade nos exames de imagem. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com queixas na região do ombro podem apresentar limitações nas atividades de vida diária e presença de dor, mesmo sem achados no exame de imagem...
Subject(s)
Humans , Medical Examination , Pain Measurement , Physical Phenomena , Radiography , Shoulder PainABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar os escores dos testes abdominais de um minuto, de dois minutos com banco, de uma repetição máxima (1RM), de repetições máximas com 70% de 1RM e teste de contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM) e verificar a reprodutibilidades dos mesmos em mulheres jovens. A amostra foi composta de 15 mulheres (26,22 ± 4,67 anos) fisicamente ativas. Os testes foram realizados em dias alternados e randomizados, com intervalos mínimos de 48 horas. Após um intervalo de 7 a 10 dias, os testes foram reaplicados. Os resultados sugeriram que os testes abdominais apresentam boa capacidade de reprodutibilidade. Além disso, os testes de um minuto e de dois minutos apresentaram boa relação com o teste de força máxima (1RM), sendo que os testes de CIVM e de repetições máximas a 70% de 1RM não apresentaram correlação com os demais.
The purpose of this study was to investigate possible correlations between the values of 1 minute abdominal tests, 2 minutes with bench, a repetition maximum, a repetition maximum with 70% of 1RM and maximum voluntary isometric contraction test and then, to verify the reproducibility of them in young women. The study was composed by 15 trained women (26.22 ± 4.67 ages). The tests were randomly performed in different days with minimum of 48 hours of interval between collections. After of 7-10 days interval, the tests were performed again. The present results suggested it is possible to conclude that abdominal tests present a good capacity of reproducibility. Besides this, the 1min and 2min tests have presented a good relation with the maximum strength test (1RM), however the maximum voluntary isometric contraction and repetition maximum with 70% of 1RM tests did not presented any correlation with the other tests.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue relacionar la puntuación de los resultados de los siguientes tests abdominales: abdominal en un minuto, abdominal en dos minutos en la banca, una repetición máxima (1RM), repeticiones máximas a 70% de 1RM y test de contracción isométrica voluntaria máxima (CIVM); y evaluar la reproducibilidad de los mismos en mujeres jóvenes. La muestra estuvo constituída por 15 mujeres (26,22 ± 4,67 años) físicamente activas. Los tests se realizaron en días distintos y al azar, con intervalos de 48 horas. Después de 7-10 días los tests fueron aplicados nuevamente. Los resultados sugieren que los ejercicios abdominales muestran una buena capacidad de reproducibilidad. Además, los tests de un minuto y dos minutos mostraron buena relación con la prueba de 1RM, pero los testes de CIVM y repeticiones máximas a 70% de 1RM no mostraron ninguna correlación con los demás.
ABSTRACT
La evaluación preparticipativa a pesar de ser un acto médico ampliamente difundido a nivel mundial desde hace muchos años y ser considerado necesario para toda persona que pretenda realizar actividad física programada o algún deporte, en nuestro país no existe un consenso formal al respecto. La discusión no se genera al momento de definir su uso, sino cuando se evalúa la necesidad de solicitar exámenes complementarios para potenciarla como herramienta de screening y aumentar su sensibilidad y especificidad para disminuir el riesgo de patología cardiovascular, especialmente la muerte súbita. Se discute a continuación los puntos de vista de los dos grandes polos de confrontación, que son Estados Unidos, representado por el Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte y la Comunidad Europea, representado por sus asociaciones médico-deportivas y por el Colegio Europeo de Cardiología; cada uno presenta sus evidencias y definen distintos requisitos al momento de realizar esta evaluación.
The preparticipation physical evaluation despite being a medical act globally widespread for many years and be considered necessary for anyone who wants to perform physical activities or sports, in our country there is no formal consensus on the matter. The discussion is not generated when defining its realization, but when evaluating the need to request additional tests to promote it, as a screening tool and increase its sensitivity and specificity to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, especially sudden death. It then discusses the position of the two great poles of confrontation, which are the United States, represented by the American College of Sports Medicine and the European Community, represented by its medical and sports associations and the European College of Cardiology, each one presents its evidence and define different requirements when making this assessment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Athletes , Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , Physical Examination , Clinical Protocols , Exercise , Sports MedicineABSTRACT
Atletas de diversas modalidades esportivas categorizadas pela massa corporal a reduzem para se enquadrarem em categorias inferiores. Essas reduções podem comprometer o desempenho e a saúde dos atletas. Para a determinação da categoria mais adequada é de suma importância o conhecimento da composição corporal, para que se evite a redução excessiva. Desta forma, o presente estudo buscou analisar o perfil morfológico de atletas de elite de Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. A amostra constitui-se de 11 atletas com 25,8 ± 3,3 anos, medalhistas em competições de nível nacional e/ou internacional. Realizou-se análise antropométrica para determinação de composição corporal e somatotipo. Observou-se percentual de gordura (10,3 ± 2,6%) dentro das indicações para esta população, alto percentual de massa muscular (61,3 ± 1,5%), assim como componente mesomórfico predominante (5,5 ± 1,0). Os pontos de maior e menor acúmulo de gordura foram as regiões abdominal (15,7 ± 6,3mm) e peitoral (6,8 ± 1,5mm), respectivamente. Conclui-se que atletas desta modalidade em período preparatório apresentam peso superior ao peso competitivo (4,4 ± 2,4%), embora apresentem níveis de massa gorda dentro das recomendações, alto percentual de massa muscular e componente mesomórfico predominante.
Athletes from many sports that are categorized by body mass tend to reduce it to fit in lower categories. Such reduction can compromise the athlete's performance and health. In order to determine the most appropriate category, the body composition is highly relevant, especially to avoid excessive reduction. Thus, this study analyzed the morphological profile of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu elite athletes. The sample was composed of 11 athletes, aged 25.8 ± 3.3 years, medalists in national and/or international competitions. The analysis was performed to determine the anthropometric body composition and somatotype. Body fat score from this population was 10.3 ± 2.6 % fat, a high percentage of muscle mass (61.3 ± 1.5 %), and predominant mesomorphic component (5.5 ± 1.0) was observed. The points of highest and lowest fat accumulation were respectively abdominal (15.7 ± 6.3 mm) and chest (6.8 ± 1.5 mm) regions. It can be concluded that athletes from this sport showed higher body mass during the preparatory period than in competitive conditions (4.4 ± 2.4 %); however, they showed low body fat, high muscle mass percentage and predominant mesomorphic component.
ABSTRACT
Com as altas taxas de sobrepeso e obesidade da população mundial, torna-se necessária a criação de modelos de mensuração da composição corporal que possam ser de fácil aplicação e fidedignos em seus resultados. Dessa maneira, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os componentes da composição corporal obtidos pelas mensurações realizadas com a bioimpedância elétrica (BIA), na posição horizontal (supina) ortostática (vertical). A amostra constitui-se de 270 sujeitos (66 masculino e 204 feminino), com idade compreendida entre 30 e 80 anos. Mensurou-se peso, estatura e registrou-se a reatância e resistência por meio da bioimpedância elétrica (BIA Analyzer 101Q, RJL Systems, Detroit, USA). Sendo o primeiro registro com o participante deitado em posição supina sobre colchonetes, em seguida, o segundo registro foi realizado com os participantes em pé. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste t de Student para dados pareados com o software SPSS (versão 13.0) e significância de 5% (p<0,05). Em ambos os casos, o resultado mostrado pela bioimpedância elétrica apresentou um bom desempenho na identificação simultânea da composição corporal. As comparações entre o método padrão e o em pé, revelaram que no gênero masculino não houve diferenças estatísticas entre um método de mensuração e outro. Porém, no gênero feminino, foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas nas mulheres eutróficas. Conclui-se que a BIA demonstra valores aproximados nos dois métodos de mensuração da composição corporal.
With the high rates of overweight and obesity in the world population, it is necessary to create models for measuring body composition that may be easy to use and reliable in its results. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the components of body composition obtained by measurements performed with bioelectrical impedance (BIA), in the horizontal (supine) upright (vertical) positions. The sample consisted of 270 subjects (66 male and 204 female), aged between 30 and 80 years. Weight and height were measured and reactance and resistance by bioelectrical impedance analysis were recorded (BIA Analyzer - 101Q, RJL Systems, Detroit, USA). The first record was taken with the participant lying supine on mats, then the second record was conducted with participants standing. The results were analyzed using Student's t-test for paired data with SPSS software (version 13.0) and 5% significance (p <0.05). In both cases, the results obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis showed a good performance in the simultaneous identification of body composition. Comparisons between the standard and standing showed that in males there was no statistical difference between one and another measurement method. However, in females, significant differences were found in women with normal weight. We conclude that the BIA shows approximate values in the two methods of measuring body composition.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Body Composition , Hypotension, Orthostatic , Overweight , Subcutaneous Fat , Dimensional Measurement Accuracy , Electric ImpedanceABSTRACT
O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo identificar o desempenho de indicadores antropométricos e neuromusculares de jovens escolares em ambos os gêneros. Foram avaliados 94 alunos, 51 meninas e 43 meninos do Ensino Fundamental do Colégio São José de Batatais/SP, com idade entre 10 e 14 anos, nas variáveis antropométricas (massa corporal, estatura, percentual de gordura, IMC e massa magra) e força de membros superiores. Os resultados foram analisados por meio de frequências (absoluta e relativa). Os valores antropométricos apontam um aumento crescente dos 10 aos 14 anos para ambos os sexos. No arremesso da bola (medicine ball) para o sexo masculino, 14 alunos obtiveram classificação nos níveis esperados para a idade. No grupo das meninas, 26 alunas atingiram o nível de performance estabelecido para a faixa etária analisada. No teste da barra fixa para o sexo masculino, 11 avaliados conseguiram realizar de uma a três repetições. Enquanto que no sexo feminino, apenas 3 alunas permaneceram pelo período de tempo de suspensão na barra, padronizado para a idade avaliada. Da análise dos resultados pode ser depreendido ainda que, apesar das condições de vida favoráveis ao crescimento e desenvolvimento, o público avaliado não demonstrou o nível esperado para a faixa etária na qual se encontravam, sendo necessários novos estudos, com ampliação da amostra, que verifiquem as atividades motoras no ambiente escolar.
This study aims to identify the performance of the anthropometric and neuromuscular school youths in both genders. We evaluated 94 students, 51 girls and 43 boys of elementary school from São José in Batatais/SP, aged between 10 and 14 years in the anthropometric variables (weight, height, body fat percentage, BMI and lean mass) and strength of upper limbs. The results were analyzed using frequencies (absolute and relative). The anthropometric values show a steady increase from 10 to 14 years for both sexes. The pitch of the ball (medicine ball) for males, 14 students have been selected at levels expected for their age. In the group of girls, 26 students reached the level of performance established for the age. In the bar test sets for males, 11 evaluated were able to perform one to three repetitions. While in females, only three students remained from the period of suspension in the bar, standardizing for each age evaluated. The analysis of results can be inferred although the living conditions conducive to growth and development, assessed the public has not shown the expect level for their age in which they lay and further studies with larger sample, to check motor activities in the school environment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Body Weights and Measures , Physical Fitness , Students , Education, Primary and SecondaryABSTRACT
Objective To study the teaching effect in physical evaluation by application of item teaching method for high occupation nursing students. Methods 249 high occupation nursing students of grade 2008 from four class were divided into the experimental group and the control group randomly. 123students of the control group were taught by traditional method, 126 students of the experimental group were taught by item teaching method, that is, listing teaching emphasis, examining item and standard for evaluation, preparing the lesson for students, teaching theory for teacher, teaching medical examination in groups,simulated training, testing item. The practical operation results and various capabilities were compared between two groups. Results The practical operation results and various capabilities of the experimental group was better than the control group. Conclusions Constructing evaluation system of physical evaluation by application of item teaching method is a beneficial attempt for high occupation nursing students. It improves the students' general ability and is beneficial to the justice and fair of teaching evaluation. So it is worth popularizing.
ABSTRACT
Physical evaluations provide the basis for an objective and quantitative analysis of the image quality. Nonetheless, there are limitations in using physical evaluations to judge the utility of the image quality if the observer's subjectivity plays a key role despite its imprecise and variable nature. This study proposes a new method for objective and quantitative evaluation of image quality to compensate for the demerits of both physical and subjective image quality and combine the merits of them. The images of chest phantom were acquired from four digital radiography systems on clinic sites. The physical image quality was derived from an image analysis algorithm in terms of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the low-contrast objects in three regions (lung, heart, and diaphragm) of a digital chest phantom radiograph. For image analysis, various image processing techniques were used such as segmentation, and registration, etc. The subjective image quality was assessed by the ability of the human observer to detect low-contrast objects. Fuzzy integral was used to integrate them. The findings of this study showed that the physical evaluation did not agree with the subjective evaluation. The system with the better performance in physical measurement showed the worse result in subjective evaluation compared to the other system. The proposed protocol is an integral evaluation method of image quality, which includes the properties of both physical and subjective measurement. It may be used as a useful tool in image evaluation of various modalities.